Adult ADHD Assessments

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurological condition present from birth and often runs in families. Approximately 5% of the population may have ADHD—around 3.5 million people in the UK—most without realising it.

Since symptoms appear from an early age, they are often missed in childhood, leading to delayed diagnosis in adulthood. ADHD is not caused by bad parenting, diet, or video games.

Dr M. Hoogman from Radboud University in The Netherlands, who led a large study with 81 researchers, was quoted in Science Daily (Feb 16, 2017):

"The results from our study confirm that people with ADHD have differences in their brain structure and therefore suggest that ADHD is a disorder of the brain. We hope that this will help to reduce stigma that ADHD is 'just a label' for difficult children or caused by poor parenting. This is definitely not the case, and we hope that this work will contribute to a better understanding of the disorder."

ADHD is considered hereditary and genetic, commonly occurring alongside autism, Asperger’s Syndrome, and related conditions. Although the specific genes are still unclear, many are likely involved, making it impossible to predict whether it will be passed on to future generations.

This is a functional MRI scan, which shows that the brain of the person with ADHD looks quite different from the one who hasn’t:

Symptoms of ADHD

The main symptoms of ADHD include difficulties with attention, concentration, staying focused, restlessness, and impulsivity. However, it’s more complex than it seems. Different brain areas are involved, contributing to these symptoms.

For example, attention may drift while completing tasks, leading to unfinished projects. Many procrastinate endlessly, only producing results at the last minute, or start several tasks without completing any.

You may also experience disorganisation, forgetfulness, or missed appointments, which can strain relationships. Impulsivity may manifest as emotional outbursts, unnecessary purchases, binge eating or drinking, or impulsive actions that leave you thinking, Why did I do that?

Restlessness can be physical—such as an inability to sit through a movie—or internal, with racing thoughts that prevent sleep. Chronic fatigue is common and may even lead to misdiagnoses like Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Once ADHD is treated, many of these issues disappear unless they are separate conditions.

Gender differences are sometimes observed, with females appearing less boisterous and males more aggressive, but there is no fundamental difference in ADHD symptoms when examined closely.

Diagnosis Criteria

To receive a diagnosis of ADHD, symptoms must meet specific diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This includes a minimum number of symptoms and a level of severity that must be present in multiple settings, such as work, home, or school.

Assessment

At Berkeley Psychiatrists, we use a combination of clinical interviews, rating scales, and behavioural observations to assess symptoms and determine if a diagnosis of ADHD is appropriate. We also consider the impact of symptoms on daily functioning and assess for any co-occurring conditions that may be contributing to symptoms.

Similar Conditions to ADHD

Other conditions, such as anxiety, depression, or substance use disorders, can sometimes mimic symptoms of ADHD. Our team of psychiatrists are experienced in identifying and differentiating between these conditions, and can provide appropriate treatment recommendations.

How is ADHD Treated?

Many people try to manage their ADHD with various strategies. For instance, those who are disorganised and forgetful may use reminders, diaries, post-it notes, and lists. However, they can end up with so many lists that it becomes overwhelming and inefficient.

ADHD is highly treatable with medication, which has been used successfully since the late 1960s. Medication primarily targets the prefrontal cortex—the brain’s management centre. There are about five medications available, but finding the right one and dosage is a process called titration.

ADHD medication is not addictive. If you stop taking it, you won’t experience withdrawal symptoms, but your ADHD symptoms will return. It’s like insulin for diabetes—it’s necessary for symptom management but not addictive.

Once the correct medication and dosage are determined, we issue a Shared Care Agreement for your GP to take over prescribing. NICE guidelines require medication initiation by a specialist.